Solar panels work by using the photovoltaic effect; a electricity conversion process that uses sunlight as its medium. A solar panel is made up of different photovoltaic (PV) cells that are produced from components, such as semiconductor like silicon. When the sunlight strikes the PV cells, it knocks electrons loose from their atoms and thus allow them to flow; this flow of electrons is called direct current (DC) electric current.
Large amounts of solar cells are linked together within a single solar panel to generate meaningful power, and many panels can be built into an array for even more output. Many solar panels used by homes and businesses are rated between 250 and 400 watts of power output while the sun is shining. This output varies depending on solar irradiance, panel angle, and temperature. That is, most commercial panels have efficiencies ranging 15% to 22%, as high efficiency panels convert more sunlight into electricity.
The inverter is an essential component of a solar power system, converting the direct current (DC) electricity generated by your solar panels into alternating current (AC) form that is usable by most household appliances and the wider grid. Next, unlike traditional inverters which string all the panels together and must output at one rate for the entire system, modern inverters such as microinverters maximize each panel individually (ideal when there are spots of shading on your array). Solar panels are generally combined with energy storage systems such as lithium-ion batteries to store the power generated for use in times when sunlight is scarce or not available at all (e.g. during the nighttime or on a cloudy day).
A breakthrough in technology and cost-competitiveness has seen global solar energy capacity cross 1,000 gigawatts (GW) according to a new report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The world has witnessed solar panels transforming from relative obscurity into a must-have feature for businesses and homeowners alike, signalling the early development of what many believe will be the next driving force behind clean energy. Solar panels are known to last a good 25 to 30 years, so it seriously outlasts most large home investments and requires little upkeep for that period.
The new economy and world as stated by Elon Musk — “The sun provides over 10,000 times more energy than we use in a year. Solar panels encapsulate this possibility, providing a sustainable power resource that limitings reliance on nonrenewable fuel sources. As we are seeing the solar technologic advancements being evolve, more efficient panels and storage come like a snowball effect making this way of sustainable generation power real. The solar panels offer a dependable option for those who wish to utilise this energy in their homes and businesses.